How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is a symptom only of children, but it can affect adults as well. Being diagnosed and treated for ADHD can make a difference in the quality of life of a person.
An assessment for ADHD may involve interviewing the person and family members. The specialist might review the school records from the past to determine whether symptoms began in childhood.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that affects work, school, and home life. Everyone has difficulty concentrating and staying organised from time to time. A person must show major symptoms in two of these areas, and have a significant impact on the way they function in their daily lives to be deemed to have ADHD. The symptoms must also have been present for a minimum of six months.
To determine a diagnosis, doctors will talk to the patient about their symptoms and ask about family history and medical problems. They can also use rating scales to measure adult's or child's symptoms. adhd undiagnosed in adults of questionnaires are typically constructed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask about the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and an impulsive nature.
Adults might be asked to talk to their spouse or someone they know well. This is not to question the patient's honesty but to gain a better understanding of their behavior that can't be gained from an interview. They may also ask about their childhood behavior, and look at old school records to determine if the symptoms started before age 12.
Before making a diagnosis the doctor will perform an extensive physical examination and run tests in order to rule other conditions out, such as thyroid problems or head injuries, which could trigger similar symptoms. The provider will also review a person's medication list. Certain medications for depression or high blood pressure, as well as other conditions can interact with stimulants, and the doctor will take these into account when suggesting treatments. It is essential that adults talk with their primary healthcare provider if they suspect they may be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must occur in more than one setting (like home, school and work) and have a significant impact on functioning. The symptoms must have manifested before the age of 12 and can't be caused by another disorder like depression or anxiety.
A mental health professional will use different tools to assess the patient, such as ADHD symptoms lists and standardized scales for assessing behaviour, and a detailed medical history. They might also talk to friends and family members to determine how the individual's symptoms have affected them. They can also inquire whether there are any other physical or mental illnesses that display similar symptoms.
The evaluators will consider whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also look into the patient's medical and familial background to determine if there are any root causes behind their condition for example, thyroid disorders or head injuries.
In some cases, an evaluator may want to perform cognitive testing or ask the person to undergo an imaging test to rule out other reasons for their symptoms, such as mood disorders, learning disabilities, personality disorders and substance abuse. People with these disorders often show different symptoms than those without these problems. Boys tend to show hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls display inattentional symptoms.
Many people with ADHD might be interested in participating in an experiment in order to test new treatments. While this is a great opportunity to contribute to further research, it is important for participants to realize that the purpose behind these studies is to increase knowledge in the field of science and cannot necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. For more information about clinical trials, check out NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
If you suspect you have ADHD seek out a specialist who is qualified to recognize the disorder. Contact your health insurance company to inquire if ADHD specialists will be covered. You could also ask your family physician or other health professionals for recommendations. Additionally, referrals from word-of-mouth are a great option.
A doctor will talk to the patient -or their parents, in children's cases -- about the symptoms. She may use standardized checklists or ADHD symptoms, and ask others in the person's life for information, such as their spouses and their families. Personal experience often reveals more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
A professional will also want to examine any records that the individual may have, especially old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually based on the history of a person. To be diagnosed the symptoms must be present since childhood (technically before age 12).
A physical exam is also carried out. It's also examined for any other medical issues which could be causing symptoms, such seizures or thyroid problems. adults diagnosed with adhd is typically performed by a specialist to assess the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests that test the level of intelligence and ability can also be used. The test subject may also be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test attention and memory. This could help an expert determine if the person is hyperactive or inattentional. The expert will decide on the treatment plan and provide an appropriate diagnosis. Treatment plans usually comprise therapy and medication. Psychotherapy or talk therapy can help children and adults learn healthy ways to cope and change negative thinking patterns. The therapy can be offered by a primary physician or a mental health professional who is a specialist in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD improve their condition by taking medication, though it's not the only method to treat the condition. Adults, teenagers and children can also benefit from a psychotherapy session, behavioral therapy or a combination of both. These therapies help them cope and learn to live with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and ways to manage it, can be included. They can also involve teachers, parents and other professionals.
It's crucial to find a mental health professional or health professional with experience treating ADHD. You can ask other people who suffer from ADHD for suggestions or refer to a mental health provider you've met. You can also do an internet search. It is best to locate an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The doctor will inquire with you or your child about symptoms and problems caused by ADHD. They will do an examination and check for other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will look over your or your child's medical and family history, school records, and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V), which is primarily geared towards diagnosing children, has a more difficult diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your health care provider may interview you or your children about their symptoms and request that other people who spend lots of time with them to fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants like methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine as well as certain antidepressants. They work by increasing and balancing the levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD also suffer from comorbid disorders, such as anxiety or depression. Treatment should therefore include therapy that targets these issues. Some patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches abilities like time and task control, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
Additionally, therapists can help patients manage their symptoms by making lifestyle changes. Regular exercise can reduce hyperactivity and improve focus. A healthy diet is important; people with ADHD tend to consume more sugar and fat and less vegetables and fruits than other people. In addition making social and family relationships prioritizing relationships can reduce stress levels and make people feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can help children and adults better comprehend their difficulties. A child with ADHD may have trouble communicating their demands to their teachers or friends. When a teacher is aware that this is not a personal issue or because of their inability to communicate, they can make adjustments.
A professional who evaluates ADHD will ask questions that are targeted towards the person's specific age, speak with family and teachers, look over medical records, and check for any comorbid conditions. If ADHD symptoms started before adulthood school records could be useful for adults.
A physical exam is usually included, and the expert will likely test for hearing and vision issues. The doctor may also perform tests on the blood to determine the presence of specific hormones and other health issues that may cause symptoms of ADHD.