How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, but it can affect adults as well. Being diagnosed and treated for ADHD can make a difference in the quality of life of a person.
An evaluation for ADHD might include interviewing the person and family members. The specialist could examine old school records to determine whether symptoms began as when a child.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that impacts school, work and family life. Everyone experiences difficulty in concentrating and staying organised from time to time. A person must show major symptoms in two of these areas and have a significant impact on the daily functioning of the person to be deemed to have ADHD. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.
A doctor will inquire of the patient about his or her symptoms, as well as about any medical concerns and family history. They may also employ rating systems to measure symptoms in adults and children. These types of questionnaires are typically based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They include questions about symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and the tendency to be impulsive.
For adults, doctors might ask to speak with a significant other or people who know the patient. This is not meant to challenge the patient's honesty, but rather to gain more insight about their behavior that can't be gained from an interview. They could inquire about childhood behavior and refer to old school records in order to determine if symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will conduct an examination and tests on the lab to rule out any other health conditions, such as thyroid issues or head injuries that can cause similar symptoms. The doctor will also look over the medication list of a patient. Certain medications for depression or high blood pressure, as well as other conditions can be a trigger for stimulants, so the doctor will consider these when recommending treatments. It's important that adults talk to their primary healthcare providers if they suspect they may have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be considered to have ADHD the symptoms must appear in at least two different settings (such as school, home and at work) and cause impairment to functioning. The symptoms must be evident before the age of 12 and can't be caused by a different disorder such as depression or anxiety.
A mental health professional will use different tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptoms lists, standardized behaviour rating scales and a thorough medical history. They might also talk to friends and family members to find out how the patient's symptoms have affected them. They will also ask whether there are other physical or mental conditions that exhibit similar symptoms.
The evaluators will consider whether the symptoms are severe or mild. They will also review the person's medical history and family history to make sure there isn't any underlying cause for their issues, such as thyroid disorders or head injuries, or medications.
In certain instances an examiner may decide to conduct a cognitive test or request an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms, such as mood disorders, learning disabilities, personality disorders and addiction to drugs. These people often present differently from those with no issues. Boys tend to display hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls exhibit inattention symptoms.
Some people with ADHD might be interested in participating in an experiment in order to test new treatments. While this is a great method to aid in further research, it is important for participants to know that the main purpose of these studies is to acquire scientific knowledge and do not necessarily guarantee they will receive treatment. For more information about clinical trials, visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
For a person who suspects they may have ADHD It is essential to find a professional who is experienced in diagnosing the disorder. Contact your health insurance company to inquire for confirmation if ADHD specialists are covered. You may also ask your family doctor or other healthcare providers for recommendations. Word-of mouth recommendations are also a good alternative.
adhd undiagnosed in adults will ask the patient or their parents in the case of children - about the symptoms they experience. She may use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptom checklists, and ask for details from other people in the person's life, such as spouses and family members. Personal insight can reveal more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
adult adhd diagnoses will also want to review any records that the person may have, including old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history, and to be diagnosed with the condition, the symptoms must have been present from the age of a child (technically before age 12).
A physical exam is typically performed. It checks for other medical issues that could be the cause of the symptoms, for example, seizures or thyroid issues. A neurological exam is typically carried out by an expert to check the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests that test intelligence and abilities may also be used. The test subject may also be asked to perform simple computer tasks to test attention and memory. This can help the expert determine if someone is hyperactive, inattentive or hyperactive or impulsive. The expert will choose a treatment plan and make a diagnosis. Treatment plans usually include medication and therapy. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy can teach adults and children healthy coping skills and change unhelpful thinking patterns. The therapy can be conducted by an primary care physician or a mental health professional who has a specialization in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD get better by taking medication. However this isn't the only method of treating the condition. Psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, or a combination of the two can be beneficial to teenagers, children and adults. These therapies assist them in dealing with their ADHD symptoms and learn to manage these symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and how to manage it, could be included. They can include teachers, family members and professionals.
It's important to find a medical professional or mental health professional with experience treating ADHD. You can ask your friends with ADHD for suggestions or refer to a mental health provider you know. You can also conduct an online search. It's important to find a specialist familiar with your insurance.
To determine if your child has ADHD to determine the cause, a health care provider will ask about your your child's symptoms as well as the problems caused by them. They will perform an examination of the body and look for any other health conditions that may cause similar symptoms. They will look over your or your child's medical and family information, school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is designed to diagnose children and adolescents, has a harder time diagnosing ADHD in adults. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about the symptoms and ask others who spend a lot of time with them fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox, as well nonstimulants such atomoxetine and certain antidepressants. They help by increasing levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD have comorbid disorders such as anxiety or depression. Because of this, treatment should include therapy that targets these issues. Some patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral treatment, which teaches skills like time and task management and emotional self-regulation.
Additionally, therapists can help patients manage their symptoms through lifestyle changes. For instance, a regular exercise routine can reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthy diet is crucial as well. People suffering from ADHD tend eat more fat and sugar and less fruits and vegetables. Lastly, making family and social relationships prioritizing relationships can reduce stress levels and help individuals feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid children and adults to understand their challenges. A child diagnosed with ADHD may have trouble communicating their needs to teachers or peers. When a teacher is aware that this is not a personal issue or because of their inability to communicate, they can make adjustments.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are targeted towards the person's specific age, interview family and teachers, read medical records, and check for any comorbid conditions. If ADHD symptoms started before adulthood, school records can be helpful for adults.
The doctor will also look for any hearing or vision problems. He or she might also conduct a blood test in order to test for certain hormones, as well as other health conditions which can cause symptoms similar to ADHD.